Inspirations for Green Habitat

1. Cheap water treatment - the river's way
Rivers clean their water all the time by a combination of gravity and a swirling motion, called the vortex. Watreco is using a simple vortex generator to remove air and lime from water. Thus producing bacteria free and soft water. Concrete when formed in this water performs much better. Less water is required for irrigation. Ponds and lakes can be cleaned this way.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sb67kpWNuYs
http://www.watreco.com/engelska.php


2. Glass as a building material
Glass as a building material is extensively common in modern architecture. But producing glass is a very energy intensive process. On the other hand, a huge pile of glass ends up in the landfills. Recycling of glass is also very expensive.


Heating up a blend of glass with carbon dioxide injection creates glass foam which is light but very hard material. It has outstanding compresive strength, an ideal abrasive, a powerful insulation, excellant sound barrier, allows no water seepage and provides a hydroponic growth medium. Hence it can be an excellant building material. Pittsburgh Corning is doing the same.


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLttummUhNE&feature=related
Building Material - http://pittsburghcorning.com/default.aspx
Abrasives - http://www.goearthstone.com/earthstone.asp


They are being used as pre-fab foundations, walls, roofs (structural as well as insulation). No water permeates through them, no vermin, no fungi and insulative properties outweighs existing materials in cost and performance.

Thus it creates a carbon sequestering construction process.


3. Buildings inspired by termites
Termites control air and humidity in their nest through laws of physics. Their meticulous structure design helps them to constantly maintain a temperature of 27 degree C and 61% humidity. The height of the mound, the length and width of the air channels, the position towards the sun and the choice of building materials together create this genius.

A swedish architect, Anders Nyquist, motivated a team to design a mathematical model that built on the termite mound principles and can offer predictable results to building designers. The technique was applied to the construction of Laggarberg School in Timara by Sundsvall.

4. Build like a zebra
A zebra with its black and white strips is very efficient in maintaining its body temperature through air circulation. 


How can this be used in heating and cooling of architectural space?


The Energy and Resource Institute, India while building their new office building used similar inspirations and hence operate without the need for air conditioning. On the south, the building has a double wall, which is made of black kappa stone on the exterior. Thus the heated air rises up and forces convectional currents from the north.

5. Plant air purifiers

ANDREA is a living plant purifier created by a French designer, Mathieu Lehanneur. It purifies air by enhancing the metabolic activities of a plant. Although it can use all plant species, some of them are more effective. For example, peace lilly, madagascar dragon tree, etc.

 

Seminar on Sustainable Construction, Technologies and Design for Indian Habitats

A Seminar on Sustainable Construction, Technologies and Design was organized by IDC, IIT Bombay in collaboration with Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction, Switzerland, ACC Ltd. and Ambuja Cement Ltd. on 21st of February 2011. Mr. Charles Correa was the keynote speaker at the event. Other eminent speakers of the event were:

[Click on the names to view the respective presentations] 

1. Mr. Edward Schwarz, Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction, Zurich

2. Dr. Hans Rudolph Schalcher , Prof Emeritus, ETH Zurich

3. Prof. Ashok B. Lall, Chairman APAC Jury, Holcim Global Awards

4. Prof. U. A. Athavankar, IDC, IIT Bombay, APAC Jury, Holcim Global Awards

5. Prof. B. K. Chakravarthy, IDC, IIT Bombay

6. Prof. Chetan Solanki, Energy Science & Engg., IIT Bombay

7. Dr. Kirankumar Momaya, SOM, IIT Bombay

8. Prof. Shishir K. Jha, SOM, IIT Bombay

9. Prof. S. L. Dhingra, Civil Engg., IIT Bombay

10. Prof. Akhtar Chauhan, Director, Rizvi College of Architecture

 

To view images click - https://picasaweb.google.com/107588230668275820780/SeminarOnSustainableConstructionTechnologiesAndDesignForIndianHabitats#

Carbon Credits in Affordable Habitat

Experts are of the view that a green building construction costs around 8-10% more than an otherwise conventional construction. The cost factor is of lower significance in a commercial building rather than that for residential one. While talking about affordable habitat for lower income group, the significance of the added costs presents a even bigger challenge. 

 

How can a clean technology be made more affordable?

 

Can carbon credits trading be a probable answer to it?

 

For example, use of vertical shaft brick kiln rather than the conventional kilns saves on fuel, is more energy efficient, produces lower emissions and gives better quality in terms of colour, ring and strength. Development Alternatives have used this technology and earned funding for their building construction through carbon credits trading. [http://www.devalt.org/da/tsb/vsbk.pdf]

 

Similarly, NGOs in Karnataka are trading reduced carbon emissions to fund a biogas project (substituting firewood used by villagers). The project brings in additional benefits like improved quality of life, smoke and ash free cooking, women and children have to no longer make long crusades into the forests to collect firewood and the saved time can be put to other constructive work, the sludge is used as a fertile manure, better sanitation created by the anerobic digestion of biological waste, employment opportunities, etc. [http://wn.com/climate_change_project_in_karnataka]

All these projects use the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to earn carbon credit funding. The ground reality of the CDM mechanism is: It is too expensive and time consuming to be of any economic viability for small scale projects. Hence many are resorting to the voluntary carbon credits market which provides lower economic value for the carbon credits but is way easier to achieve. [http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=40568]

How can we use carbon credits to affordable habitat?

The first and the foremost step is to identify and design all ways in which the habitat can be constructed and thereafter operated during its lifetime in the most sustainable manner.

Thereafter depending on the scale of the project, CDM or voluntary market can be opted.

Affordable Habitat

Affordable Habitat in India


President Pratibha Patil mentioned affordable housing as the need of the hour during her speech speech on Bharat Nirman, a project that plans to double the construction of low cost houses to 12 million units. According to a research by Unitus Capital, the current housing deficit in India is estimated at 40.3 million units. According to 2008 Monitor Group report, around 21 million households don't have a proper home due to lack of land titles & volatility of earnings on a day-to-day basis.

The government has attempted at building houses for the Low Income Groups (LIG) and issuing loans to them. But the efforts seam to be non-fitting and inadequate. Some builders like Value and Budget Housing Corporation Pvt. Ltd., Janaadhar Constructions Pvt. Ltd. have made their own efforts in this direction too. Tata Housing has recently identified the low-cost and affordable housing segment as a significant market with substantial growth opportunities. It has, therefore, launched a new subsidiary "Smart Value Homes Limited" that will cater to houses in the Rs. 5 - 35 lakh range.

With all these positive developments coming across, we are reminded of the Tamil Nadu Government's building project for LIG. The establishment was for squatters who made a living by selling milk. After a ceremonious inauguration of the apartments, the milkmen were shifted to these one room homes. After a month, the neighbors were surprised to see that the milkmen went back to their old beds under the sky and the buffaloes inhabited the houses. The milkmen felt that their buffaloes were more productive when housed in comfortable conditions and hence decided to opt this way.

Why does such noble attempts keep on failing time and again?

One major reason behind the failure of low-cost housing is: for LIG, a house is a place to live as well as work. Thus the context is building of AFFORDABLE HABITAT rather than AFFORDABLE HOUSING. The next most important aspect is humanizing the HABITAT through simultaneous innovations in construction technology, design, management, socio-economic interactions, finance and sustainability.


Affordable and Sustainable Habitat

In response to the burning need of affordable housing, Shenoy Innovation Studio, IDC, IIT Bombay has entered into a partnership with Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction, Switzerland and ACC Ltd., India. Thus SIS has initiated a thorough research on all existing know-how for creating an affordable and sustainable habitat. The research topics encompass the following different domains:

As is evident from the above mind map, the research is a multi-disciplinary effort. To achieve this, a collaborative innovation team has been formulated whose composition is as follows:

 

 About the Partners

Shenoy Innovation Studio is studio at Industrial design Centre, IIT Bombay and is aimed to aid industries in crating disruptive innovation by designing methodologies tailored to their specific needs and conditions. It brings in the strong amalgamation of design, technology and management thinking from various disciplines of IIT Bombay. Holcim is one of the world's leading suppliers of cement aggregates as well as further services like ready-mix concrete and asphalt including services. Holcim Foundation on the other hand is supported by Holcim but is independent of its commercial interests. The foundation is committed towards sustainable construction. Holcim is represented by ACC Ltd. India and are one of the largest cement manufacturers in India

Collaborative Innovation Model by Prof. B. K. Chakravarthy

The collaborative model was developed as part of the PhD dissertation of Prof. B. K. Chakravarthy in the year 2003.


Collaborative Teams

The Collaborative Model is divided into three very specific teams with focused roles.  These are the Core team, the Enterprise wide cross-functional team and the Networked external team.  Figure below shows the composition and function of the proposed collaborative network. 

Composition of the Core Team

The core team consists of people with flair for creativity, who have a sound idea of all the functions of the enterprise.  There are two levels of requirements for the formation of Core team.  First level is a primary requirement, which includes Network Collaborator, Top Management Representative, Visual Communicator, Industrial Designer and Creativity Expert.  Second level is a conditional requirements, which includes experts in the area of technology, marketing, R&D, manufacturing, etc.

Functions of the Core Team

Core team is responsible for coordinating with the Enterprise wide cross-functional team and External networked team.  They are also responsible for deciding who should be member of the External networked team and pursuing those agencies to make them member.  The Core team would also coordinate the work done on innovative ideas by different functions, so that activity of innovation transcends the organization and runs smoothly.

 The core team would also engage in knowledge brokering or encourage other partners, especially the members of External networked team to make an effort in that direction to come up with new ideas.  In addition, they will capture and nurture good ideas, so that they can be used at the right time for the advantage of the organization. The members will use their expertise in visual representation of ideas for the purpose of enriched communication among different members of the network and other significant stakeholders like the top management.  With the help of the established collaborative network, the core team would evaluate the business potential of an innovative product idea.

The Core team will conduct creativity workshops within the organization to train employees; how to keep looking around for innovative ideas.  After an idea passes through the final stage of the idea generation process, Concept refinement and finalization, the Core team would facilitate the implementation and testing of the idea by providing right people and resources.  The core team will have provision for radical thinkers who would be part of the collaborative team but would chart their own path in Idea Generation.  The core team representative would bring in this radical idea at different stages of idea generation processes.

 Composition of Enterprise Wide Cross-Functional Team

The members must be experts in their functional area with thorough understanding of the importance of the functional activity in meeting the organization's objective.  They could be heading the department or unit, or a very senior member of their team.  They will represent all the relevant departments of the organization including, Product Planning, Marketing, Materials, Engineering Design, Research and Development, Manufacturing, Finance, and Human Resources.  

 Functions of the Enterprise Wide Cross-Functional Team

The primary function of the Enterprise wide cross-functional team would be to review and evaluation of an idea from the perspective of that particular function.  (This could be at a very broad or specific level, depending on the level to which a particular idea could go).  The members will provide innovative input from the viewpoint of their function/position within the organization.  The members will help in testing the feasibility of an idea at both the departmental (functional) level and organizational level.  This team will nurture the ideas with core team, especially when they are in nascent stage.  Innovating processes along with the products that will help organization in running more effectively and smoothly.  The team will get in touch with the relevant members of the External networked team, so that ideas could be discussed in detail or to hold detailed discussions to come up with new ideas. 

 Composition of the External Networked Team

The External networked team consists of members with varied interests who will be involved in different capacities with the organization.  First set includes members whose business is directly affected by organizations performance, e.g.:- Suppliers, Technology Providers, Distributors, Retailers, User Groups (may include industrial or domestic consumers), etc.  Second set of members includes institutions that may innovate in isolation e.g.:- Universities, Government and private laboratories.  

 Functions of the External Networked Team

The External networked team would play a very critical role in providing new inputs, as they will come from their different perspective and broader knowledge and experience base.  They would make maximum use of the knowledge-brokering cycle for the organization.  Further, they would work with organization to evaluate the potential of any innovative idea generated from within or outside for the organization.  

Project Showcase

Innovation by Design

The logo depicts the interaction needed for the success of innovation and design. It depicts that for any new product development, one has to first design the innovation process and then using this innovation process design an innovative product.