Affordable Habitat

Affordable Habitat in India


President Pratibha Patil mentioned affordable housing as the need of the hour during her speech speech on Bharat Nirman, a project that plans to double the construction of low cost houses to 12 million units. According to a research by Unitus Capital, the current housing deficit in India is estimated at 40.3 million units. According to 2008 Monitor Group report, around 21 million households don't have a proper home due to lack of land titles & volatility of earnings on a day-to-day basis.

The government has attempted at building houses for the Low Income Groups (LIG) and issuing loans to them. But the efforts seam to be non-fitting and inadequate. Some builders like Value and Budget Housing Corporation Pvt. Ltd., Janaadhar Constructions Pvt. Ltd. have made their own efforts in this direction too. Tata Housing has recently identified the low-cost and affordable housing segment as a significant market with substantial growth opportunities. It has, therefore, launched a new subsidiary "Smart Value Homes Limited" that will cater to houses in the Rs. 5 - 35 lakh range.

With all these positive developments coming across, we are reminded of the Tamil Nadu Government's building project for LIG. The establishment was for squatters who made a living by selling milk. After a ceremonious inauguration of the apartments, the milkmen were shifted to these one room homes. After a month, the neighbors were surprised to see that the milkmen went back to their old beds under the sky and the buffaloes inhabited the houses. The milkmen felt that their buffaloes were more productive when housed in comfortable conditions and hence decided to opt this way.

Why does such noble attempts keep on failing time and again?

One major reason behind the failure of low-cost housing is: for LIG, a house is a place to live as well as work. Thus the context is building of AFFORDABLE HABITAT rather than AFFORDABLE HOUSING. The next most important aspect is humanizing the HABITAT through simultaneous innovations in construction technology, design, management, socio-economic interactions, finance and sustainability.


Affordable and Sustainable Habitat

In response to the burning need of affordable housing, Shenoy Innovation Studio, IDC, IIT Bombay has entered into a partnership with Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction, Switzerland and ACC Ltd., India. Thus SIS has initiated a thorough research on all existing know-how for creating an affordable and sustainable habitat. The research topics encompass the following different domains:

As is evident from the above mind map, the research is a multi-disciplinary effort. To achieve this, a collaborative innovation team has been formulated whose composition is as follows:

 

 About the Partners

Shenoy Innovation Studio is studio at Industrial design Centre, IIT Bombay and is aimed to aid industries in crating disruptive innovation by designing methodologies tailored to their specific needs and conditions. It brings in the strong amalgamation of design, technology and management thinking from various disciplines of IIT Bombay. Holcim is one of the world's leading suppliers of cement aggregates as well as further services like ready-mix concrete and asphalt including services. Holcim Foundation on the other hand is supported by Holcim but is independent of its commercial interests. The foundation is committed towards sustainable construction. Holcim is represented by ACC Ltd. India and are one of the largest cement manufacturers in India

Collaborative Innovation Model by Prof. B. K. Chakravarthy

The collaborative model was developed as part of the PhD dissertation of Prof. B. K. Chakravarthy in the year 2003.


Collaborative Teams

The Collaborative Model is divided into three very specific teams with focused roles.  These are the Core team, the Enterprise wide cross-functional team and the Networked external team.  Figure below shows the composition and function of the proposed collaborative network. 

Composition of the Core Team

The core team consists of people with flair for creativity, who have a sound idea of all the functions of the enterprise.  There are two levels of requirements for the formation of Core team.  First level is a primary requirement, which includes Network Collaborator, Top Management Representative, Visual Communicator, Industrial Designer and Creativity Expert.  Second level is a conditional requirements, which includes experts in the area of technology, marketing, R&D, manufacturing, etc.

Functions of the Core Team

Core team is responsible for coordinating with the Enterprise wide cross-functional team and External networked team.  They are also responsible for deciding who should be member of the External networked team and pursuing those agencies to make them member.  The Core team would also coordinate the work done on innovative ideas by different functions, so that activity of innovation transcends the organization and runs smoothly.

 The core team would also engage in knowledge brokering or encourage other partners, especially the members of External networked team to make an effort in that direction to come up with new ideas.  In addition, they will capture and nurture good ideas, so that they can be used at the right time for the advantage of the organization. The members will use their expertise in visual representation of ideas for the purpose of enriched communication among different members of the network and other significant stakeholders like the top management.  With the help of the established collaborative network, the core team would evaluate the business potential of an innovative product idea.

The Core team will conduct creativity workshops within the organization to train employees; how to keep looking around for innovative ideas.  After an idea passes through the final stage of the idea generation process, Concept refinement and finalization, the Core team would facilitate the implementation and testing of the idea by providing right people and resources.  The core team will have provision for radical thinkers who would be part of the collaborative team but would chart their own path in Idea Generation.  The core team representative would bring in this radical idea at different stages of idea generation processes.

 Composition of Enterprise Wide Cross-Functional Team

The members must be experts in their functional area with thorough understanding of the importance of the functional activity in meeting the organization's objective.  They could be heading the department or unit, or a very senior member of their team.  They will represent all the relevant departments of the organization including, Product Planning, Marketing, Materials, Engineering Design, Research and Development, Manufacturing, Finance, and Human Resources.  

 Functions of the Enterprise Wide Cross-Functional Team

The primary function of the Enterprise wide cross-functional team would be to review and evaluation of an idea from the perspective of that particular function.  (This could be at a very broad or specific level, depending on the level to which a particular idea could go).  The members will provide innovative input from the viewpoint of their function/position within the organization.  The members will help in testing the feasibility of an idea at both the departmental (functional) level and organizational level.  This team will nurture the ideas with core team, especially when they are in nascent stage.  Innovating processes along with the products that will help organization in running more effectively and smoothly.  The team will get in touch with the relevant members of the External networked team, so that ideas could be discussed in detail or to hold detailed discussions to come up with new ideas. 

 Composition of the External Networked Team

The External networked team consists of members with varied interests who will be involved in different capacities with the organization.  First set includes members whose business is directly affected by organizations performance, e.g.:- Suppliers, Technology Providers, Distributors, Retailers, User Groups (may include industrial or domestic consumers), etc.  Second set of members includes institutions that may innovate in isolation e.g.:- Universities, Government and private laboratories.  

 Functions of the External Networked Team

The External networked team would play a very critical role in providing new inputs, as they will come from their different perspective and broader knowledge and experience base.  They would make maximum use of the knowledge-brokering cycle for the organization.  Further, they would work with organization to evaluate the potential of any innovative idea generated from within or outside for the organization.  

Project Showcase

Innovation by Design

The logo depicts the interaction needed for the success of innovation and design. It depicts that for any new product development, one has to first design the innovation process and then using this innovation process design an innovative product.

Sunflower Model of Innovation

In today’s realm innovation has to be multinodal. Innovation needs to consider all aspects of product development as represented by the petals of the sunflower model of innovation. The flower is complete only when all petals are in perfect order.

Inauguration

Shenoy Innovation Studio (SIS) was inaugurated on 24th of December 2010 by Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman (Planning Commission), Government of India. The event was presided over by Dr. Anil Kakodkar, Chairman, Board of Governors, IIT Bombay. The inaugural ceremony was attended by various distinguished guests from the industry and academia.

Shenoy Innovation Studio - Humanizing Technology

Collaborative and network driven innovation is the buzz word in this era of globalization and high competition. In light of this need of the hour, Shenoy Innovation Studio (SIS) is the latest facility added to the Industrial Design Center at IIT Bombay.

Core Value

SIS is an innovation studio aimed to aid industries in innovating continuously by designing methodologies tailored to their specific conditions and needs. SIS will create a balance between design and management thinking. Flexible Collaborative Model of Innovation, developed by Prof. B. K. Chakravarthy, will form the backbone of this innovation methodology. The design philosophy will be based on, Collaborative Design, that seeks a synergetic consideration of the three cores: user insight, new technology and creative ideation.

Philosophy

The core philosophy of SIS is innovation by humanizing technology.

Target

SIS’s attention is directed towards disruptive as well as sustaining innovation for development of new and futuristic products and services that will delight the users. The methodologies developed in the studio covers large industries in private and public sector, small scale industries, government sector and craft sector.

It intertwines the education system with the industry in a mutually beneficial collaboration. This helps to increase levels of excellence and relevance in learning, teaching and research. At the same time more refreshing and out of the box outlook for the industry can be generated by the academia.

Process – Flexible Collaborative Model

Flexible Collaborative Model for Innovation consists of three teams: the core team, the enterprise wide cross-functional team, and the networked external team. The function and composition of the three levels are diagrammatically explained on the next page. These three teams together form the innovation team of an enterprise.

This innovation team needs to work directly under the top management as representation of top management in the collaborative network is very essential for the creation of an organization-wide innovation culture.

SIS educates and trains the members of the core team and enterprise wide cross-functional team by conducting demonstration programs and pilot projects to accelerate methodology and technology development, advance research in product conceptualization, organize creativity clinics and practice collaborative design.

In order to handle all communications and knowledge developed by the interactions of the three levels of the innovation team, an effective knowledge management system suited to specific enterprise needs is drawn out. Identification and reduction of barriers and inhibitors to innovation from human resource aspect is also undertaken.

In short, SIS helps an enterprise in developing an efficient and effective innovation management system using the Flexible Collaborative Model.